중남미 내 포퓰리즘 확산의 사회·경제적 영향과 시사점 (The Social and Economic Impact of the Spread of Populism in Latin America).

Résumé du livre

English Abstract:Populist forces continue to emerge in Latin America, causing instability and uncertainty across the region. Populist forces in the region first rose to prominence during the beginning of the period of import substitution industrialization in the 1930s. They emerged taking advantage of the growing demands of the rapidly expanding urban working class for mass politics and the expansion of social benefits. Populism was rampant in Latin America for more than 30 years following the 1930s, but fell into decline with the emergence of military regimes in the 1960s and 1970s. However, populist forces emerged yet again in the 1980s with the wave of democratization and the accumulation of public dissatisfaction due to a series of economic crises. The so-called neopopulist forces took power in Latin American countries in the 1980s and 1990s, combining neoliberal economic policies with the typical 'us' versus 'them' discourse that is typical of populists. While a rapid transition to neoliberal policies led to various social and economic problems, traditional parties and politicians were not able to respond effectively to those problems. In this context, a new populist wave, combined with what was called the 21st-century socialism, emerged in the 2000s. In the 2010s, new breeds of populism appeared one after another, and the spread of populism is not expected to disappear in Latin America in the near future. Social and economic inequality is worsening across the region in the aftermath of COVID-19, and public distrust of established party politics and existing democratic institutions is growing higher than ever. All in all, there is fertile ground for populist forces to spread even more, claiming that they are the only ones who can eliminate the 'incompetent and corrupt' establishment and truly represent the “virtuous” people. With the spread of populism expected to continue in Latin America, there is a growing need to investigate the social and economic impact of populism. Against this backdrop, this study examines the impact of populist forces in power on the inflow of foreign direct investment, the quality of democratic institutions, and the foreign policy directions of Latin American countries. Based on our empirical evidence and qualitative analysis, we provide several recommendations for the Korean government and corporations. The contents of our research are as follows.