In Vitro Quantitative Study of T Cell Adhesive Haptotaxis

Résumé du livre

An efficient immune response relies on a rapid recruitment of leukocytes from blood to the inflamed or damaged tissue. During this process, leukocytes are captured by the endothelium and migrate along the vessel wall to reach permissive transmigration sites. These processes are mediated by multiple external cues among which the role of adhesion molecules remains unclear. Adhesive haptotaxis has been described for mesenchymal cells that develop strong pulling forces with their substrates and orient via a tug of war mechanism - a competition between cells' adherent pulling edges. In the case of amoeboid cells that migrate with minimal interaction with their substrate, the existence of adhesive haptotaxis has yet to be evidenced. Here, we studied the crawling of human T lymphocytes on substrates with spatially modulated adhesion. and observed robust adhesive haptotaxis. Mechanistically, we show that integrin-mediated adhesive haptotaxis of lymphocytes differs both from active chemotaxis, because no mechanotransduction was detected, and from the passive tug of war mechanism, because different integrins support opposite phenotypes. Cells favored more adherent zones with VLA-4 and, counterintuitively, less adherent zones with LFA-1. These results reveal that integrins control differential adhesive haptotaxis behaviors without mechanotransduction. We further investigated the mechanism behind this specific haptotactic phenotype mediated by LFA-1 and find that the lamellipodial dynamics, rather than the integrin expression level, is involved. Preliminary findings with VASP deficient T cells indicate also that VASP protein may play an important role in T cell adhesive haptotaxis.